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According to its structure, it can be divided into cotton shaped, molded, rolled, stacked, twisted, woven and other molding fillers.
According to their different materials, there are soft fillers, semi metal fillers, and metal fillers.
The following describes the use conditions of compression fillers according to the materials composed of compression fillers.
(1) Plant fiber filler
Made of hemp or cotton impregnated oil, wax, or other impervious materials, it is used on low-pressure valves below 100 ℃. Suitable for water, ammonia, acetic acid, caustic soda, and other media.
(2) Asbestos fiber filler
Asbestos fiber has good heat resistance, resistance to weak acids and strong alkalis, high strength, and good adsorption performance. For example, adding some acid and alkali resistant materials, impregnating materials with low friction coefficients, and adding metal materials with good thermal conductivity can improve the performance of asbestos fillers, resulting in varying degrees of improvement in corrosion resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance, and strength. There are two types of asbestos fillers, one with wire and the other without metal. The commonly used asbestos filler is selected according to JB1712-91. Among them, there are oil immersed asbestos packing (JC68-82), which is a sealing material woven or twisted with asbestos thread (or metal asbestos thread) impregnated with lubricating oil and graphite. Oil immersed asbestos packing is divided into three types: square type, circular type, and circular type; There is also a rubber asbestos packing (JC67-82), which is a sealing material made of asbestos cloth, asbestos wire (or asbestos metal cloth or wire), rolled or woven with rubber adhesive. The rubber asbestos packing is pressed into a square shape and coated with high carbon graphite.
(3) Plastics and plastic impregnated fillers
YAB type nylon asbestos filler, suitable for corrosive media, medium temperature ≤ 100 ℃, pressure ≤ 32MPa
Polytetrafluoroethylene lotion impregnated with asbestos filler, suitable for strong corrosive medium, medium temperature - 200~200 ℃, pressure ≤ 35MPa
NFS type polytetrafluoroethylene woven filler, suitable for chemicals, medium temperature - 200~260 ℃, pressure ≤ 35MPa
(4) Rubber filler
There are rubber cloth clips, rubber rods, and annular rubber fillers, which are used in ammonia, concentrated sulfuric acid, and other media with a temperature ≤ 140 ℃.
(5) Carbon fiber filler
The model is TCW, which is made of carbon fiber braided rope impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene lotion. Carbon fiber fillers have excellent elasticity and softness; It has excellent self lubricating property and high temperature, and can work stably in the temperature range of - 120~350 ℃ in air, with a pressure resistance of ≤ 35MPa.
(6) Flexible graphite filler
Flexible graphite fillers have the following excellent properties:
① Due to its unique flexibility and resilience, the cutting filler can be freely bent along the axial direction by more than 90 °, and will not leak due to temperature and pressure changes, vibration, and other factors during use. Therefore, it is safe and reliable, and is an ideal sealing material.
② Good temperature resistance. Low temperature can be applied to - 200 ℃, high temperature oxidizing media can be applied to 500 ℃, and non oxidizing media can be applied to 2000 ℃, and can maintain excellent sealing performance.
③ Strong corrosion resistance. Good corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis, organic solvents, organic gases, and vapors. It does not age or deteriorate, and is resistant to corrosion from all media except strong oxidizing media (nitric acid), fuming sulfuric acid, chromic acid, halogen, etc.
④ Low friction coefficient, good self lubrication.
⑤ Excellent impermeability to gases and liquids.
⑥ Long service life, reusable.
Flexible graphite is widely used in industries such as petroleum, chemical engineering, power generation, fertilizer, medicine, paper making, machinery, metallurgy, aerospace, and atomic energy. Flexible graphite fillers can generally be pressed and molded. Applicable nominal pressure ≤ 32MPa.
Common valves such as wafer type butterfly valves.
(7) Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
After expansion treatment, polytetrafluoroethylene overcomes the disadvantage of poor elasticity, has the elasticity of rubber without losing its original characteristics, and greatly improves its performance. A 100% expanded polytetrafluoroethylene woven filler is mainly used on valves, with an applicable temperature of - 268-288 ℃, and has a good sealing effect on worn valve stems. A filler woven by mixing certain graphite and high-temperature resistant lubricant yarn in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene can be used as a pump filler with a linear speed of 21.8m/s.
(8) Ceramic fiber filler
The model is NGW type, made of ceramic fibers and metal alloy wires as the main raw materials, and then added with graphite talc powder. It has excellent temperature resistance and can withstand cryogenic and ultra-high temperature media; Excellent corrosion resistance. Currently, there are few domestic applications. The use temperature of ceramic fiber fillers made abroad can reach 1480 ℃.
(9) Metal filler
According to its structure, it can be divided into metal foil tape winding filler, metal foil kneading crepe laminated filler, metal waveform filler, lead wire twisted filler, and lead ring filler.
Metal foil winding filler and metal foil crepe laminated filler have the advantages of high temperature resistance, erosion resistance, wear resistance, high strength, and good thermal conductivity. However, the sealing performance is poor and requires a strong compression force, which must be used in conjunction with plastic fillers. Its use temperature, pressure, and corrosion resistance depend on the metal material. Metal corrugated filler: The model is BSP-600, the material of the corrugated sheet is 1Cr18Ni9Ti, the operating temperature is ≤ 600 ℃, and the pressure is ≤ 20MPa. It is a good filler.
Lead wire twisted filler is mainly used in concentrated sulfuric acid and other media with a temperature ≤ 90 ℃.
Lead ring filler is a filler that is melted and cast into a square cross-section, and is staggered with asbestos filler for assembly and use. It can be used in oil media with a temperature ≤ 500 ℃.
2、 V-shaped packing
V-shaped packing consists of upper packing, middle packing, and lower packing. The upper and middle fillers are made of polytetrafluoroethylene or nylon, and the lower fillers are made of materials such as 1Cr13, 1Cr18Ni9, and A3 steel. Polytetrafluoroethylene has a temperature resistance of 232 ℃, nylon has a temperature resistance of 93 ℃, and a general pressure resistance of 32MPa. It is commonly used in corrosive media.
3、 O-ring packing
The profile of the O-ring is circular, and its material is rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, and metal hollow O-ring. The O-ring is not only used for static sealing, but also for dynamic sealing. Rubber O-rings are widely used. The high service pressure of the O-ring can reach 40MPa.
4、 Bellows packing
Bellows are used for sealing and can save packing, so they are called packing free seals. It is a corrugated circular tube body, with one end fixed to the valve rod and the other end fixed to the valve cover. The valve rod and the valve cover are in a fully closed state, and the valve rod can move up and down. Some use bellows in combination with asbestos filler. Corrugated pipes are made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti, high zinc Dutch brass, and other materials, and are used in situations where toxic media and sealing surface requirements are high. The general operating pressure is 0.6MPa, and the operating temperature is ≤ 150 ℃.
5、 Liquid filler
Liquid fillers are mainly used as partitions between other fillers.
